Telomeres are the structures at the end of chromosomes that are characterized by thousands of tandem repeats of the nucleotide sequence TTAGGG. Studies reveal that at every passing stage of human life these sequences of nucleotides shorten gradually during every process of cell replication and division. The length of the telomere faces gradual decline. This shortening of the telomere is believed to cause consequent cellular damage on account of the inability of the cell to duplicate itself efficiently. Hence we have a sequence of events from slowly progressing cellular dysfunction to subsequent aging phenomena finally leading to death.
The enzyme telomerase is responsible for maintaining the integrity of these telomeres. Chromosomes are crucial part of all our life functions and this integral part of the human system is maintained in aspects concerning its structural integrity, positioning and accuracy of replication by the telomeres. By adding multiple repeats of nucleotides to the telomeres, the telomerase enzyme prevents the damage and the loss of genetic information during DNA replication. Hence Scientist have come to this conclusion that telomerase is the key hormone that aids genetic repair and replaces telomere sequences consistently thus re-regulating the clock that controls the life-span of the dividing cells.
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